Depth of field refers to how much of a potential image is or is not in focus. This is important as it not only helps to guild a persons interest to particular elements of an image, but it can also have symbolic meaning (e.g. a short depth of field could imply isolation or paranoia). To alter depth of field you have to adjust the aperture on the lens accordingly (a wider aperture means a shorter amount is in focus, visa versa).
To help work out depth of field you look at your lens' focal length and this should give you the rough idea on how much should be in focus at one given time.
| Focal Length (mm) | Focus Distance (m) | Depth of Field (m) |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0.5 | 0.482 |
| 20 | 1.0 | 0.421 |
| 50 | 2.5 | 0.406 |
| 100 | 5.0 | 0.404 |
| 200 | 10 | 0.404 |
| 400 | 20 | 0.404 |
(http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/depth-of-field.htm)
Examples of Short Depth of Field
Examples of a Longer Depth of Field
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